Objective OF THE
PROJECT
The aim of the project “ PC-INSTALLATION ” is to develop the skills for
finding the errors and solving them of a personal computer system.This project
also usefull for making an entrepreneur
on computer oriented areas.
Hardware & Software REQUIREMENTS
hardware required
§
ATX case with SMPS
§
Dual Core Mother board
§
1 GB RAM
§
250 GB Hard Disk
§
17² LCD / CRT Monitor
§
DVD-RW / CD-RW Drive
§
3.5² Floppy Drive
§
USB mouse and Keyboard
§
Sound Card and Speaker
§
Hp Laser Printer
SOFTWARE REQUIRED
§
Operating System
: Windows XP
§
Anti Virus Program : Avast
§
Application Software : MS Office- 2007
ACCESSORIES USED
Screw drivers set, Nut & screw,
Cotton, Power cord, Cables, paper, Pliers etc.
PC INSTALLATION
Installation
of a PC is
very simple and it can be done by
following these easy steps:
1)
Configuring
the motherboard
2)
Identifying
the connectors and cables
3)
Adding
memory modules
4)
BIOS
set-up
5)
Configuring
the IDE card
6)
Final
assembly and software installation
1. Configuring the
Motherboard/Jumper Settings
The installation of a PC includes motherboard
configuration. It describes the steps to be followed when a new PC is built or
a motherboard is upgraded. Recent motherboards come with all features on a single
motherboard itself and it is called as “all in motherboard'. Configuring the
motherboard is traditionally done using jumpers. They are small pieces of
plastics and metal those are used to link/open the riser pins of a jumper
strip. Recent motherboards come with software jumpers which can be set through
BIOS settings.
All motherboards have some jumper settings for CPU
selection, clock speed selection, processor power selection, EPROM type
selection, cache RAM selection, etc. The setting should be done carefully
referring to the motherboard manual supplied by the manufacturer in compliance with
the existing configuration
2.
Identifying the
Connectors and Cables
After configuring the motherboard it is necessary to
make internal electrical and signal connections between the motherboard and
system case. Motherboards and system cases may vary. Look for the matching
connectors and cables. Flat ribbon cables are used for data transfer. Power
cables to devices are 4 colors wire a twisted cable.
The following are the connectors available in the
motherboard:
1.
Keyboard
connector
2.
Power
supply connector
3.
I/O
connectors for parallel port, serial port, floppy port, primary IDE port
and secondary IDE
port
4.
External
battery connector
5.
Infrared
device connector (for device such as mouse)
6.
Hard
disk LED connector
7.
Turbo
switch connector
8.
Reset
switch connector
9.
Turbo
LED connector
10.
Speaker
connector
11.
Key-lock
and power LED connector
The locations of all the above connectors and the
cables for connecting the devices should be identified thoroughly. If the
motherboard is not having the on-board connector for floppy disk drive and hard
disk drive, a separate IDE card has to be inserted into one of the free I/O
expansion slot.
3.
Adding
Memory Modules
There are separate connectors available for inserting
memory modules in the motherboard. Memory modules are available in different
sizes such as 4 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB, 32 MB and 64 MB. Depending upon the memory requirement, memory
modules should be inserted into the connectors carefully. There are no jumpers for the
memory configuration. The BIOS will test the memory type and size automatically. Improper
installation of memory modules will cause the system to shutdown
3.
BIOS-CMOs Setup
BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. IBM
introduced the low power static RAM called CMOS RAM to store the system
parameters, date and time. They abandoned the configuration DIP switches that were used in PC/XT. The CMOS RAM is
a battery powered 128 bytes memory. There
are two types of BIOS set-up programs. One is Text based menu set-up and the
other is WinBIOS set-up in which the menu will be in graphics. Generally, it is
necessary to setup the BIOS when a system it is installed. Once the set-up is
done and saved, a battery powered CMOS
will memorize it. The system will use this configuration every time it is
powered-up.
Table shows different categories of BIOS set-up and the
various settings available.
Different categories of
BIOS set-up
S. NO. Category Settings
1 Standard
set-up Date/Time Settings for floppy
drive
A and floppy drive B Setting for
master
Hard disk and slave harddisk.
2. Advanced set-up Keyboard
settings (chars/sec)
Settings for display
Mouse support
System boot-up NUM LOCK
Floppy drive seek at boot
Floppy drive swapping
System boot-up sequence
3. Chipset
set-up Cache memory settings
4. Power management Enable/Disable
APM (Automatic Power
Management) mode
Sleep mode timeout
Suspend mode timeout
VGA power down
HDD power down
Normally STANDARD SETUP is enough during the initial
stages of the installation. All other settings have to be done carefully in
consultation with the referring customer support engineer of the supplier.
4. Configuring the IDE Card
In the BIOS set-up there is a facility for
automatically configuring the parameters for the hard disks connected with the
IDE card. BIOS set-up will display all possible modes being supported by the
hard disk drive. If the drive does not support LBA modes, no LBA option will be
shown the number of cylinders is less than or equal to 1024, no LARGE option
will be shown. The appropriate mode should be configured depending on the type
and size of the hard disk drive.
6. Final Assembly and Software Installation
The following are the points to be
verified before completing the hardware installation procedure:
1.
Proper mounting
of motherboard in the cabinet.
2.
Proper connection
of SMPS cables to the motherboard, floppy drive and
Hard disk drive.
3.
Proper connection
of display card in the I/O slot and display data cable to
the monitor.
4.
Proper connection
of IDE card in the I/O slot and data cables to FDD and
HDD.
5.
Proper setting of
jumpers and memory modules in the motherboard.
6.
Proper connection
of cables to keyboard, keyboard lock, turbo switch,
speaker, etc.
7.
Proper
BIOS set-up.
The hardware installation is over with the
verification of above points and the necessary operating system and application
soft wares maybe loaded depending upon the user’s requirement.
Software Installation
Now to get functioning
the computer, it will need to install some software. An operating system must
come first, and then hardware drivers (so that the operating system can address
the assembled hardware) followed by security software and utilities. It may be
essential to install some application software games, word processors,
databases, programming languages etc. according to need for work.
Operating System ( Windows XP ) Installation
-: Booting from the CD-ROM :-
1. Simply start by
placing the Windows XP CD- ROM into your CD tray and power on your machine. The
first non-blank screen you should see
is that one shown in the
following illustration-
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2. If the previous screen does
not appear, reboot your machine and open up
the BIOS. You need to
make the system boot to the CD-ROM first.
The
following screen is one
of several different BIOSes you could have on your
system. You need to navigate to a screen that allows
you to change the Boot
Order. This is where it
boots off of the CD-ROM.
3. Now your system should boot off of the CD-
ROM. After a period of time
(typically 30-45 seconds), the
following screen appears. Because we are
doing an initial
install, you only need to press Enter to continue.
4. Enter at the next
screen to continue installation.
5. The Microsoft
Windows XP Licensing Agr eement appears next, as shown in the
following
screen. It is impor tant that you r ead
and understand this agreement
before continuing
with the installation. After you have read and agreed to the
contents of the license,
press F8 to continue
Defining Drive
Partitions
You now need to define the drive partitions. Defining your drive
partitions is used instead of FDISK. When defining your drive par titions, it is extremely important that you leave
enough space for your Linux partition! Following are the steps:
1. Press C to create a partition for your
Windows installs.
2. You need a minimum of 2 GB of space for each
of your operating systems.
When you are prompted for the size of the
partition, enter a number that is
equal to
50 percent of your available hard
drive space. Then, highlight the
partition, which
should be labeled Unpartitioned space (see the following
illustration)
and press C
Note: If partitions already
exist they should be deleted. However
you should r ealize
that this will
permanently remove any data that is currently on your system.
Now create your new partition to be at least 2 GB. In the provided space type
2047 press Enter
You should now see two partitions.
Verify that the new 2047 partition is highlighted and press Enter
Formatting Drive Partitions
The next step is to format your par tition. For security r easons, you
should for mat your partitions using NTFS. NTFS is a Windows partition type
that allows you to assign permissions at the folder level. This level of
granularity is not the same for FAT
partitions. NTFS also allows for
lager partition sizes compared to the 2 GB limit that
comes with FAT16. The steps for formatting your partition follow:
1. Highlight the NTFS <Quick> partition
option as shown in the following
screen, and press Enter.
2. After you pr ess Enter, the system formats the partition, as shown in
the
following screens.
Depending on the size of the partition, this step can
take from 5 minutes
to an hour.
Since this will take a while you should just wait while this
process continues.
The
system has completed the f ormatting process and has automatically
Rebooted
and continuing the remaining
installation procedure.
Customizing Your System
Now Windows presents a series of questions, which, when answered,
customize your
system. The following steps walk you through the process of customizing
your system:
1. Typically, you only need to
make changes during the next step press the Next
Button. If you are located
outside of the United States, you should change your locale
settings.
2. Enter your name and the
organization you work for in the Name and Organization
fields. Click the Next
button when you are done.
3. In the next screen, enter the
Product Key number that came with your software (find
it on your CD) Once
you enter in the valid key, press
the Enter key.
4. Now enter a name in the Computer
name field to name your computer.Then, type
in a password in the Administrator password field. You also need to confir m
the
password, as shown in
the following screen. Then, click the
Next button.
5. In the screen that appears,
enter the current time, and then fill in the Date
field and Time Zone
field. Click Next button.
6. After you make the previous
configurations, the system installs your networking
components. Choose Typical
Settings to configure the network
settings.If you want
to
customize your network setting than choose Custom Settings, as shown in the
following screen-
Windows completes the
networking portion of the installation and moves on to its final tasks. This step takes a
long time
7. If the following screen will apeare, which
means windows Xp has been
successfully installed.
8. Now we have to configure Protection Settings and The list of User Accounts of the
computer follwed by the Finish button.
9. Finally It is time
to log in using the Administrator account and the password which
enterd earlier during the
install.Follwing screen will appear.:
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